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亚波里拿留派
亚波里拿留派(Apollinarianism)是由叙利亚老底嘉(Laodicea)年轻的主教亚波里拿留(Apollinaris)在公元361年提出的异端。他教导,作为代表上帝导成肉身的神的基督, 祂神性取代了耶稣合理的人性,基督的肉身代表了人性。换言之,尽管耶稣是人,但他没有人的灵,神的灵取代了耶稣的属灵部分。亚波里拿留(Apollinaris)认为两种本性不能在基督体内共同存在。对此他的解决办法是,将耶稣的人性降格。
主后381年在君士坦丁堡举行的第二次的教会大公会议上阿波里拿留主义被判为异端。该异端否定了耶稣真实完全的人性,同样,因为耶稣作为神和人来赎罪,这种异端也违反了赎罪本身的意义。他需要上帝赋予神圣纯洁的灵魂,并且为了救赎人类他也需要具有完全的人性。
耶稣是上帝和人类,这就是所谓“位格的合一”论。
“太初有道,道与神同在,道就是神……道成了肉身,住在我们中间……”(约翰福音1章一至十四节)
“因为,神本性一切的丰盛,都有形有体地居住在基督里面,”(歌罗西书2章九节)
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