Gospel of Judas
The Gospel of Judas was developed by a Gnostic sect in the second century A.D and was was originally written in Greek around
130-170. This fact alone tells us that it was not authored by
Judas himself. The oldest extant copy is a Coptic manuscript written in Sahidic
(last phase of ancient Egyptian) in the fourth
or fifth century.
The gospel of Judas is included in a 62-page papyrus1 manuscript
that was uncovered in
Egypt during the 1950's or 1960's.2 The translator of the Gospel of
Judas is Rodolphe Kasser of the University of Geneva, a leading
Coptic Scholar and the contents are due to be released in April,
2006. At the date of writing
this article (April 7th, 2006), the complete translated text of this pseudepigraphal
writing is unavailable. However, at CNN.com we have the
following excerpts:
"The newly translated document's
text begins: 'The secret account of the revelation that Jesus spoke
in conversation with Judas Iscariot.'
"In a key passage Jesus tells Judas,
'You will exceed all of them. For you will sacrifice the man that
clothes me.'
"This indicates that Judas would help liberate the spiritual self by
helping Jesus get rid of his physical flesh, the scholars said.
"'Step away from the others and I shall tell you the mysteries of the
kingdom,'" Jesus says to Judas, singling him out for special status.
'Look, you have been told everything. Lift up your eyes and look at
the cloud and the light within it and the stars surrounding it. The
star that leads the way is your star.'"
"The text ends with Judas turning Jesus over to the high priests and does
not include any mention of the crucifixion or resurrection."3
According to National Geographic website on the Gospel of Judas page, it says that the newly discovered gospel is,
"One of the most significant biblical finds of the last
century—a lost gospel that could challenge what is believed about
the story of Judas and his betrayal of Jesus."4 In
fact, National Geographic has invested a lot of money in its
presentation.
"Retired
Claremont Graduate University professor James Robinson said that
"early in November he learned that Kasser and several European,
Canadian and U.S. scholars had signed agreements with the National
Geographic Society to assist with a documentary film and a National Geographic article for an Easter 2006 release and a
succession of three books."5
Is the Gospel of
Judas authentic?
The Gospel of Judas apparently depicts Judas in favorable terms and
commends him as doing God's work when he betrayed Christ to the Jewish
religious leaders. This, of course, contradicts what was written
by the apostles in their gospels of Matthew and John as well as those
gospels written by Mark and Luke who are under the direction of Peter
and Paul.
The Gospel of Judas falls into the category of pseudepigraphal
writings. This means that the gospel is not authentic but is a
false writing. In fact, the gospel was not written by Judas, but
by a later Gnostic sect in support of Judas. Gnositicsm was an
ancient heresy that taught salvation through esoteric knowledge.
Gnosticism was known at the time of the writing of the later epistles in
the New Testament and was rejected by the apostle John.6
The ancient writer Irenaeus (130 - 202 AD) in his work
called Refutation of All Heresies said that the gospel of Judas
was a fictitious history:
"Others again declare that Cain derived his being
from the Power above, and acknowledge that Esau, Korah, the
Sodomites, and all such persons, are related to themselves. On this
account, they add, they have been assailed by the Creator, yet no
one of them has suffered injury. For Sophia was in the habit of
carrying off that which belonged to her from them to herself. They
declare that Judas the traitor was thoroughly acquainted with these
things, and that he alone, knowing the truth as no others did,
accomplished the mystery of the betrayal; by him all things, both
earthly and heavenly, were thus thrown into confusion. They produce
a fictitious history of this kind, which they style the Gospel of
Judas."7
We can
conclude that the Gospel of Judas is not authentic, is not inspired, and
was properly rejected by the early church as an unreliable and inaccurate depiction of what really happened concerning Judas.
Of course, the complaint is often raised that this
opinion, like that of the early church, simply rejected anything that
opposed a preconceived idea. But, this complaint falls by the
wayside when we understand that the early church knew which documents
were authored by the apostles and which were not. God did not make
a mistake when he led the Christian Church to recognize what is and is
not inspired. The Gospel of Judas was never recognized by the
church as being inspired.
Addendum
On April 9 National
Geographic aired the special on the Gospel of Judas. Unfortunately, the
special was below standard in its scholarly representation of both sides
of the argument on the validity of the New Testament Gospels as well as
the Gospel of Judas. It did not give competent counter evidences against
its liberal and inaccurate suggestions regarding the formation of the
New Testament cannon. The special failed miserably to adequately deal
with the formation of the New Testament Cannon, how the gospels were
arrived at, how we know who wrote them, and when they were written, etc.
I was extremely disappointed. Here is a quick example of one of the many
problems.
The National Geographic show had a "scholar" who stated
that most experts agree that the earliest gospels weren't written until
around 60 A.D. But, the problem here is that no substantiation was
offered for this opinion. Second, internal evidence in the Gospels and
the book of Acts contradicts the statement. The book of Acts was written
by Luke well after he wrote the Gospel of Luke. Acts is a history of the
early Christian church and it does not
include the accounts of "Nero's
persecution of the Christians in A.D. 64 or the deaths of James (A.D.
62), Paul (A.D. 64), and Peter (A.D. 65)."8 The book of Acts
is a compilation of the early church's history. One would think that it
would naturally include the death of such important figures as James,
Paul, and Peter if it were written any time after their deaths. Since
this book does not include such information it appears that it was
written before at least the death of James (A.D. 62). Let's offer a
conservative number of three years prior to the death of James which
would mean Acts could have been written around A.D. 59 This would mean
that the Gospel of Luke was written years before that, let's pick a low
number of five years before Acts which puts Luke at around A.D. 54.
Additionally, it is generally agreed upon that Mark was the first Gospel
written. Therefore, Mark was before Luke. Let's pick another low number
of five years by which Mark preceded Luke. This would reasonably put the
Gospel of Mark at 49 AD. This is a conservative estimate and it could be
that Mark was written much earlier. Therefore, very quickly we see that
the statement made in the program that the gospels weren't really
written until after 60 A.D. can be easily countered. The question is why
is it that National Geographic did not produce competent counter
arguments?
Another issue is regarding Gnosticism which was not
properly represented. Gnosticism basically states that God cannot
become incarnate. The show suggested that gnostics were
Christians, but this cannot be since they contradict one of the
essential doctrines of the Christian faith -- which was also taught in
the Old Testament (Zech. 12:10). John the apostle who wrote 1 John
addressed the early formation of Gnostic thought in Chapter 4 when he
denounced those as antichrists who denied that Jesus had "come in the
flesh." National Geographic failed miserably to represent
Christian theology and instead misrepresented Gnosticism, trying to make
it appear that the present Christian theological system was merely the
result of political happenstance.
CARM concludes that it the National Geographic program
was very biased and insufficiently researched.
_______________
- Papyrus: A plant growing
along the Nile in Egypt during biblical times. It was used as
writing material. Papyrus scrolls were made by cutting and pressing
sections of the papyri plant together at right angles. They typical
maximum length of a scroll was about 35 feet. The scribe, when
using papyrus, would often use the natural horizontal fibers of the
papyrus plant as guidelines. He would take a blunt instrument and
score horizontal lines and then score two or more vertical lines as
margins for the edge of the sheet or to define columns on it. We get
the word "paper" from this word. Many of the biblical manuscripts
were on papyrus.
-
http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=13097
- http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/science/04/06/gospel.judas.ap/index.html
- http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/gospelofjudas
- http://www.christiancentury.org/article.lasso?id=1594
- 1 John speaks of those who deny
the physical incarnation of Christ as being the spirit of the
Antichrist. Many scholars agree that this is a reference to
the Gnostic error that denied that God could incarnate.
- Irenaeus, Heresies, 31,1
- McDowell, Josh, A Ready
Defense, Thomas Nelson Publishers; Nashville, Tenn., 1993, p.
80.
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